Tag Archives: pigeons

DEFICIENCY AND METABOLIC DISEASES

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DEFICIENCY AND METABOLIC DISEASES
Within this group of infections I have included the ones which produced by deficiencies
(of vitamins, minerals salts or amino acids) and tumors.
VITAMINS AND THEIR DEFICIENCIES It is practically impossible to produce a hipervitaminosis or overdose of vitamins. All the ingested excess, the animal the metabolises and eliminates it.
DEFINITION: The existing vitamins are organic substances in foods, incapable to be synthesized by the organism in adequate quantities being used in small doses, for the normal functioning and maintenance of the organism and health.
According to this definition, vitamins must be supplied periodically in order to prevent upheavals.
VITAMINS:

(necessities per day and pigeon)
VITAMIN A: 200 UI
VITAMIN D3: 45 UI
VITAMIN E: 1 mg
VITAMIN C: 0.7 mg
VITAMIN B1: 0.1 mg
VITAMIN B2: 0.12 mg
VITAMIN B6: 0.12 mg
NICOTINAMIDE
VITAMIN B12 0.24 mg
BIOTIN: 0.002 mg
PANTOTECNIC AC.: 0.36 mg
FOLIC ACID: 0.014 mg

LICE, ACARUSES, DIPTEROS (flies), CARRAÇAS

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LICE, ACARUSES, DIPTEROS (flies), CARRAÇAS.
With respect to the subject I am not going to extend, I will only say that lice, mites, flies and garrapatas (a kind of aracnideos) exists in the pigeons and that cause damages in the plumage, sometimes quite seriously. The best way to fight them is with an aspersion bath but never with an immersion one. It is also necessary to consider to not use products derived from the piretrins (by: kaotrina) because is toxic for the birds, and although poisoning symptoms are not pronounced can cause low perfomance in the races.
CARBARIL 5 % (in powder)
NEVER USE GAMEXANE

ASPERGILOSIS

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ASPERGILOSIS
CAUSAL AGENT: A fungus, Aspergilium fumigatus. It reproduces quickly in the straw of the nests, or in the humid food.
SYMPTOMS: It is an infection of the group of the respiratory diseases. It appears under two forms:
PULMONARY FORM:
Respiratory difficulty (disnea)
Greenish excrescences on the tongue and palate.
DERMATOLOGIC FORM:
Bare skin and with fractures of pens
TREATMENT: NONE. Does not exists one that is effective
PROPHYLAXIS: Dry and well aired loft.
Avoid the humidity in the food.
Disinfection (iodo povidona)

CANDIDIASIS Or MUGUET

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CANDIDIASIS Or MUGUET
Some authors describe this disease together with the trichomoniasis and others speak of an associate micotic disease due to Vitamin A deficiency.
CAUSAL AGENT: a fungus: CANDIA ALBICANS
SYMPTOMS: White or yellowish spots (easy to give off) in all the mucosa of the mouth and the throat.
TREATMENT: Topic applications with iodine povidona to 10% or weak iodine dye (diluted with glycerin) in the spots. Administer Vitamin A.
PROPHYLAXIS: - AVOID THE PROLONGED STORAGE OF FOODS
- GIVE SUNSHINE TO THE GRAINS BEFORE FEED
- VITAMIN A
- LOFT DISINFECTION

HAEMOPROTEOSIS

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HAEMOPROTEOSIS
CAUSAL AGENT: Haemoproteus Columbae.
It has a definitive host, a fly haemotografe (he is fed on blood), pseudolynchia canariensis.
The intermediary host is the pigeon. It is necessary that the infested fly resentment the pigeon to developed this disease .
SYMPTOMS: Seen only in the summer months . The symptoms are very similar to those of the plasmodiosis, so its possible a confusion (due to time and symptoms).
The flies that suck infected blood are able to transmit the haemoproteosis 15 days late and between 25 to 30 days later begin the symptoms:
- Recurrent fever (it raises and low) 43 º C
- diarrea: White lees or yellowish, liquid and persistent.
- Disnea: increase of the respiratory frequency.
- Gradual Anemia
- Caquexia: Weakness when the disease becomes chronicle.
DIAGNOSE: Examination of the blood (method of Giemsa)
TREATMENT: NONE
PROPHYLAXIS: Fight the fly: Kaotrina

PLASMODIOSIS Or MALARIA

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PLASMODIOSIS Or MALARIA
Disease of the costal zones (bordering to the rivers)
CAUSAL AGENT: A esporozoario of kind PLASMODIUM
EPIZOOTIOLOGIA: There are three factors that condition the maintenance and development of the malaria:
- carrying or sick Birds.
- transmitting Mosquitos (culex, haedes, anopheles).
- the temperature, rains and the flora of region (essential elements for the reproduction of the mosquito)
SYMPTOMS: - Apathy
- Fever it raises and low)
- Anemia (of there the eye and the white mucous)
- general Weakness
- Death in the youngsters.
After this acute phase, where the symptoms are evident, the plasmodiosis enters a period of diminution of their clinical manifestations and parasitemia to endoglobular arriving at a stage of normality between the 30 – 40 days of begun the symptoms.
DIAGNOSE: Examination of the blood (method of Giemsa).
TREATMENT: Plasmodicidas used in the human malaria:
Quitina
Atebrina
Plasmoquina
Cloronquina
Pludrina
For ex.: the cloroquina or ARALEN MR (2 mg by kg of weight that is 1 mg. by pigeon. 3 doses day by average.
PROPHYLAXIS: Avoid the mosquito:-Metalic net
-Fuyi Vape
-Kaotrina
IMUNIDADE The cured animals develop certain degree of immunity

ASCARIDIOSIS racing pigeons

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ASCARIDIOSIS
CAUSAL AGENT: Ascaris Columbae.
The cycle where the egg of the parasite is eliminated by the faecal matter, goes to the ground, is developed the larva and again it is ingested, matured and again eliminated it is of 20 days for that reason it recommends the preventive treatment every 21 days)
SYMPTOMS: Few roundworms cause little damage, but if the number increases too much it produces a reduction of the sports perfomance and inflict many casualties.
- Anorexy (loss of appetite)
- Loss of weight.
- Weakness
- Little consistent faecal material.
- Intense thirst.
- Anemia
- Opaque and made bristle plumage.
- we can see the parasites in the excrements and sometimes in vomits. The damages caused by these parasites are imputed to 3 reasons.
1 – The wounds that cause in intestinal wall
2 – Because they absorb many elements nutritious.
3 – Because they excrete toxic substances.
DIAGNOSE: Analysis of fecal material
TREATMENT: There are different drugs:
- Levamisol -RIPERCOL MR
- Piperazina
- Ivermectina (Ivomec Mr)
PROPHYLAXIS: Alternate the treatment with the above-mentioned drugs every 30 days. In this way we diminished the possibility of dependence to the drug. Do not forget that the LEVAMISOL is an excellent inmunomodulator as well (stimulating of the defences) therefore its use is essential whenever we vaccinate against New Castle.
The old animals develop a certain immunity.
Cleaning – hygiene. Disinfection